See also:
Background
Tracheopathia osteoplastica represents a condition wherein bony and cartilaginous nodules develop below the tracheal mucosa (sparing the posterior membranous trachea) as depicted in the images below in a patient receiving endoscopic treatment for idiopathic subglottic stenosis.
References
Eigsti RL, Walsh J, Robinson RA, McNeely PS, Hoffman HT. Laryngeal heterotopic ossification: An atypical etiology of respiratory distress. Laryngoscope. 2017 May;127(5):1143-1146. doi: 10.1002/lary.26267. Epub 2016 Sep 1. PMID: 27583381.
Devaraja K, Surendra VU. Clinicopathological Features and Management Principles of Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica - A Scoping Review. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 Dec;75(4):3798-3814. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-03998-6. Epub 2023 Jul 10. PMID: 37974722; PMCID: PMC10646011.