Wednesday, May 10, 2017

Updated April 2024 by Piper Wenzel, BS

Overview

  • Also referred to as osteogenic sarcoma
  • Malignant cells produce osteoid (immature bone) (Sandeep et al. 2024)
  • Look for aggressive periosteal reaction and bony destruction and new bone formation in the tumor matrix
  • 10% of all osteosarcoma cases occur in the head and neck region (Sandeep et al. 2024)
  • In the head and neck, most commonly presents in the mandible (72%),  less commonly found in the maxilla (Sandeep et al. 2024)
  • Occurs most frequently in the 3rd and 4th decade of life (Krishnamurthy et al. 2018) and is predominant in males (Sandeep et al. 2024)
  • Symptoms include swelling, pain, paresthesia, and ulceration (Krishnamurthy et al. 2018)
  • Risk factors include history of radiation exposure, Paget's disease of bone, fibrous dysplasia, and chronic osteomyelitis (Krishnamurthy et al. 2018)

Radiologic Findings

  • On CT: non-contrast shows expanding lesion with notable periosteal reaction; contrast shows enhancement
  • On MR: T1 shows heterogenous low and intermediate signal; T2 shows heterogenous high and low signal
CT with Contrast
osteosarc_CT_0727

 

T1-weighted MR
osteosarc_T1_0729

 

T2-weighted MR
osteosarc_T2_0727

 

T1 Post-contrast MR
osteosarc_T1post_0727

References

Sandeep KS, Rathod P, Dalvi R, Pawar A, Thottiyen S, Pandya S, Sharma M, Patel S, Warikoo V, Pandya S. Osteosarcoma of Head and Neck Region: Tertiary Cancer Care Center Experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024 Feb;76(1):581-586. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-04216-z. Epub 2023 Oct 8. PMID: 38440650; PMCID: PMC10908908.

Krishnamurthy A, Palaniappan R. Osteosarcomas of the Head and Neck Region: A Case Series with a Review of Literature. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2018 Mar;17(1):38-43. doi: 10.1007/s12663-017-1017-8. Epub 2017 Apr 27. PMID: 29382992; PMCID: PMC5772028.